Wednesday, July 31, 2019

White Blood Cell and Marks

A differential count of white blood cells from a patient gave the bsolute number of lymphocytes as 8000 per mm3 and the total number of white blood cells as 12,000 per mm3. Calculate the percentage of lymphocytes in this sample of white blood cells. Is this a normal or abnormal percentage? Explain your answer. (4 Marks) Percentage of lymphocytes in WBC= 8000/12000 100=66. 67%, the normal values of lymphocytes in blood is 20%-40%. So this would be an abnormal percentage. 5. Describe the difference between a communicable disease and an inherited disease.Use examples you have studied in this exploration to support your description. (4 Marks) A communicable disease is a disease that is transmitted from person to person; for example, malaria. An inherited disease is a disease that is passed through genetics; for example, sickle cell anemia. 6. Why are white blood cells in a stained blood smear usually counted at low power under a microscope? Explain your answer. (2 Marks) They are counted at low power because they are much bigger than all other blood cells.If you try to count them on high power, you have to keep moving the slide and will likely lose count or get confused. On low power, the other cells are much less visible and you will get a broader picture of the white cells which it makes it easier to get an accurate count. 7. Why is the presence ofa larger than normal number of neutrophils indicative of an infection? Explain your answer. (2 Marks) 8. Why would you not expect to see tissue macrophages in a blood smear? Explain your answer. (4 Marks)

Life in the Universe: The Significance of Planet X

The Internet is replete with sites touting proof of extraterrestrial life in the universe; television programs found on channels with a scientific slant, such as Discovery, The Learning Channel, The History Channel, SciFi, and Nova, explore the possibilities of extraterrestrial life on a regular basis; a slew of books have been published by those claiming to have had close encounters with alien beings, or to have witnessed events that suggest the presence of such. Many of these claims have been proven fraudulent or misinterpreted, yet some remain persuasive. Currently, there is some compelling evidence that extraterrestrial beings might not only exist, but might also have visited our planet throughout history. While a great majority of this evidence can be dismissed as the meanderings of the bored, mentally ill, or those interested in making money on the naivetà © of others, some of it is not so easily discharged. As far back as recorded history exists, there are suggestions of extraterrestrial visitations; artistic renderings of strange objects in the sky, beings that do not look human, and societies who function at a technological level that defies the development of the era. While modern technology might afford us evidence considered more empirical or irrefutable, in the past, no such evidence could be had. Historically, there are numerous depictions in art that suggest an awareness of alien beings or spaceships. One such painting entitled The Madonna with Saint Giovannino by the 15th century artist Domenico Ghirlandaio, depicts a flying saucer type object in the sky over Mary's shoulder, and a man with his dog, staring up at it. It seems clearly to be an alien spacecraft. Now, while paintings are clearly not the same as photographs, but merely renderings from the psyche of the artist, there still has to be some pertinent reason why an artist would place something so odd in his painted sky. The obvious suggestion here, is that he might have seen such an object, or the consciousness of the time was at least partly centered on these things. In 1486, Carlos Crivelli's painting, The Annunciation with Saint Emidius depicts a spaceship that is sending a beam of light to the head of Mary. But what if faith is not the only avenue toward belief? What if scientific data in the form of archeology, astronomy, physics and other disciplines point to the truth of extraterrestrial presence on our planet? Numerous hieroglyphs have been found that are clearly representations of objects in the ancient sky, objects that suggest a technology far advanced for the era. The fact that these objects were airborne at all, was of course cause for investigation. One such relief carving found in the beams of the ceiling of the New Kingdom Temple at the Giza Plateau in Egypt, clearly depicts a modern day helicopter, a submarine, a glider or perhaps a space shuttle (Crystal). It would be difficult to explain these images away as anything other than what they appear to be. Delving deeper into the antecedents for these ideas leads to examination of advanced cultures of the past. The Sumerian culture is one of the most advanced cultures ever known, yet they existed during a time period where most people lived in a primitive fashion. Still, they created many mathematical concepts, geometry, algebra, and were the first to develop the zodiac, dividing the heavens into the 12 houses; the first to develop 400 characters of cuneiform writing, and the first to display a complete understanding of astronomy. â€Å"Ooparts is the term used to describe the purportedly out of place in time artifacts, toys, tools, technical devices, depictions and documents which have come to light through archaeological excavation or discovery† (Freer). The Sumerians' culture is filled with ooparts that cannot be explained in any way other than they were influenced by another species from a more advanced culture. Sumerians recorded a great deal of their own history, even the day to day mundane events. It is clear from their records that they lived among beings they referred to as the Anunnaki. These beings were purportedly from the plant Nibiru, and had come here to colonize. This is where the Sumerians gained their incredible knowledge base, apparent in all their artifacts and records. For instance, the Sumerians knew the number of planets and the distance of the planets from Earth—how? We didn't even know that until we sent probes in the 1970's. How could they know so much about astronomy? All of this knowledge, though, is authenticated by artifacts left behind (AncientX). Religion aside, the theory with the most veracity, also seems the most far-fetched: that an alien race colonized our planet half a million years ago, and we are a product of genetic engineering and cross breeding. Russian-born archeologist Zecharia Sitchin, not only believes that, but has presented an impressive amount of data that would seem to prove his theory. Sitchin was raised in Palestine, gaining a formidable knowledge of ancient Hebrew, among other languages, and is â€Å"one of the few scholars who is able to read and understand Sumerian† (XFacts). Through study of Sumerian culture and artifacts, he has pieced together the historical details that explain this outlandish postulate. According to Sitchin, the Sumerians spoke of 12 planets in the solar system, contrary to our current knowledge of nine. They counted the sun and moon in that number, so according to them, there is one other planet in our solar system. This planet was known as Nibiru by the Sumerians, and current day references are usually â€Å"Planet X† which is a play on both the unknown and the fact that â€Å"X† is the Roman numeral for â€Å"ten,† and Nibiru would be the tenth planet, if we continue to discount the sun and moon as planets. Modern science has discovered that â€Å"the human genome contains 223 genes that do not have the required predecessors on the genomic evolutionary tree (Sitchin)† The question then becomes: where did those mysterious genes come from? Another interesting indicator is that lead NASA scientists believe there is another planet beyond Pluto, based on the inability of Pluto's mass to cause certain disturbances in orbit, referred to as perturbances, and wobbling movements of that planet. These movements suggest a gravitational pull beyond Pluto that can only be explained by the presence of another large planet, two to five times the size of earth. Scientists have also recently put forth the Orpheus Theory—that a rogue planet collided with Earth, and this created a new version of Earth, and our current moon, and also explains the asteroid belt, among other things. This theory supports what the Sumerians recorded 6,000 years ago (XFacts), which would suggest strongly that the Sumerians had knowledge of many things that cannot be explained other than with the input from another race from another planet. This information alone, should be enough to justify further investigation into not only the presence of a 10th (or 12th) planet, but the possibility that there are other lifeforms that have come from that planet to Earth in the past, and could do it again in the future. Further along in the historic timeline, we have discovered more tangible reasons to explore the idea of intelligent life in the universe aside from our own.   In 1938, an archeological dig in the Baian-Lara-Ula mountain between China and Tibet, produced a collection of graves in a series of interlocking caves. On the walls, were pictograms of the celestial sky, connected by dots. In the graves, were the remains of humanoids that were not like any known. The skeletons had oversized craniums, and short, spindly limbs, and all were much shorter than normal.   The team members considered that maybe these were the skeletons of apes, but as the archeologist Dr. Chi Pu Tei reportedly said, â€Å"Whoever heard of apes burying each other?† Soon afterward, Dr. Tei, discovered a disk-shaped stone in the floor of the cave which had a perfectly round hole in the center and an engraved line spiraling outward on the stoneThe team unearthed hundreds of these ancient carved stones buried in the floor of the cave, obviously remnants of a people who lived 12,000 years ago. With a magnifying glass, closer inspection was done of the groove in the stones, which so resembled an ancient phonograph record. It was a record, but not of the musical variety, unless you count the strange tone it made when they later spun the stone on a makeshift turntable. The score (pun intended) was really a continuous line of hieroglyphics. In 1962, Dr. Tsum Um Nui began to transcribe the writings, and decode them. He discerned that the stones told the story of the Dropa, who came down from the clouds in their aircraft† (AncientX). As the story went, they were stranded after a crash-landing, and before the local people understood that they were peaceful, and were repulsed by their appearance, so they hunted them down and even killed some. The Dropa were unable to repair their aircraft in order to return to their home planet. Today, it is known that there are two tribes indigenous to the area who possess odd anatomical features—larger heads, shorter bodies, yellowish skin. The local lore about these â€Å"invaders that came from the sky† matches the bodies found in the cave. Nui composed a paper for submission to the university, regarding the contents of the Dropa Stone messages but was denied publication by the Academy of Prehistory, and he was even told not to discuss his findings. The University felt that the world could not be told of the story of the Dropa, who apparently came to earth from another planet in a space craft, crash-landed and were subsequently stranded. But the information did beg the question about possible descendants having survived, and the connection this information might have with the history of the ancient Sumerians. All cultures since then commonly believed that they were descended from â€Å"heavenly beings.† This is perhaps an indication of the accuracy of oral tradition. But many other hieroglyphs and petroglyphs and petrographs around the world speak of this event, and often depict spacecraft and other-worldly beings. Contrary to our wishes, there can be no absolutes in some perennial questions. The possibility that alien life forms visited the Earth is one of those examples. I don't believe anyone has enough empirical evidence to take a staunch position on the existence of extraterrestrial visitations, versus the non existence of them.   Therefore , conclusions one way or another are merely postulates, theories and entertainments. What can be known, is that technologically advanced cultures have existed in antiquity, and that there is compelling evidence that these might have been influenced by intelligent life from another planet. Without empirical proof, however, the questions remain a mystery. There are other considerations that must be addressed. The capability of aliens to visit our planet, would naturally suggest a technologically advanced civilization far exceeding our own. Therefore, had they wanted to make themselves clearly known, they could have. The fact that they haven't revealed themselves boldly, can mean either they do not wish to for whatever reason, or that â€Å"they† do not exist. With mounting evidence indicating the existence of these other worldly beings, it becomes more and more difficult to ignore the possibilities, and more and more likely that we may all find ourselves questioning the paradigm of our ultimate source. With the elliptical orbit of Planet X/Nibiru expected to make its 3600 year pass near Earth in 2013, we may be doomed to another impact that will create a new Earth 3, or we may find ourselves shaking hands with a visiting delegation of Anunnaki. Either way, nothing will ever be the same again. Works Cited AncientX: Jason Martell's Research. â€Å"The 12,000 Year Old Dropa Stones.† 2006. Retrieved on 22 October 2006 from ;http://ancientx.com/nm/anmviewer.asp?a=61;. Crystal, Ellie. â€Å"Ancient Egyptian Flying Vehicles.†. Crystalinks. 2006. Retrieved on 21 October 2006 from ;http://www.crystalinks.com/ancientaircraft.htm;. Freer, Neil. â€Å"Sumerian Culture and the Anunnaki.† UFO Evidence. 2006. Retrieved on 20 October 2006 from ;http://www.ufoevidence.org/documents/doc147.htm;. Sitchin, Zecharia. â€Å"The Case of Adam's Alien Genes.† 2001. Retrieved on 21 October 2006 from ;http://www.sitchin.com/adam.htm;. XFacts Research. 2003. Retrieved on 21 October 2006 from ;http://xfacts.com/x.htm;. ;

Tuesday, July 30, 2019

Guided Reading

Monsoon seasonal reversing wind accompanied by corresponding changes In precipitation. LATA- thousands of clans. Tribes, communities, and sub communities in India. Karma- the destiny or date, following as effect from cause. Polyandry- form of polygamy whereby a woman takes 2 or more husbands at the same time. Mimosa- In Indian regions and Indian philosophy, It connotes freedom from the cycle of death and rebirth. Jansenism- a non-athletes Indian religion that describes a path of nonviolence towards all living beings. Nirvana- imperturbable stillness of mind after the fires of desire, aversion, and elision have finally extinguished.Theatre-State- political state directed towards the performance or drama and ritual rather than more conventional ends. Sati- funeral ritual within some Asian communities In which a recently widowed woman Immolated herself, typically on her husbands funeral pyre. Marry empire- geographically extensive Iron Age historical power in ancient India. Guppy empire - ancient Indian empire. Fauna- ancient kingdom locate in Southern Southeast Asia, centered around the Mekong delta. Standards Augusta (Buddha)- a sage on whose teachings Buddhism was founded.Osaka- Indian emperor of the Marry Dynasty. 1) Explain the orally of the Indian class system during the Vivid age. -Warfare between the light skinned Aryans controlled the dark skinned Dash. It happened 2) List the 4 Noble Truths. -Ducked, origin of ducked, cessation of ducked, path leading to cessation of ducked. 3) Outline the ideal life cycle of a young Hindu man. -Becoming a student, marrying, having a child and acquiring material wealth, having grandchildren, giving up your home and being a foot dweller and meditating n the meaning of life, and finally waiting for death. ) What was the condition or Indian women during the Guppy empire? What important factors affected those women's lives? -They were married off at a young age (6-7) and were stuck with their husbands until they died. When th eir husbands died and were cremated, the woman has I Jump into the fire and burn with their husbands. 5) Explain the rise of Hinduism and it's effects on the Indian people. -Hinduism created a new caste system. Once in a certain caste, the way you lived would depend only on the caste.

Monday, July 29, 2019

Development and Analysis of Two Mini Case Studies Study

Development and Analysis of Two Mini Studies - Case Study Example with aim of being most innovative company with technologically advanced products that entered the market of mobile industry so that it can differentiate itself from PC industry (Fuller, 2010). It was successful in making its name in mobile device company in 2010. By the end of 2009, Apple grew to become fourth largest vendor of PC in the market of United States with market share of about 8%. According to Mishra (2011), Apple had market capitalization of about $220 billion in spring of 2010. Apple has mostly implemented multi-million dollar marketing campaigns like the most successful ads by slogan â€Å"Think Different† and it promoted itself as a well-known alternative for computer and mobile device industries. The company highlighted itself as the world’s â€Å"greenest lineup of notebooks†. According to Kim and Mauborgne (2009), the primary goal of Apple is to differentiate its products and intense competition in the PC and mobile device industry. However, App le faced some challenges when management and employees were having different opinions about running the company and they even missed some opportunities which impacted its competitive advantage and gave clear path to companies such as Dell, Gateway and Microsoft. Other failures that were faced by the company in its initial operational years comprised of design crime which meant it focuses on synonymous designs i.e. sleek and sexy and when it deviates from it some problems are encountered such as in 1998 the hockey puck which was colorful and translucent and 1997 20th anniversary Mac which was a bronze-colored monstrosity failed in the market; iWay or Highway approach by Jobs till 1997 made Apple lose its market share to Android as people wanted to freely use their iPhones and iPads and its attempt to target professional market by launching the Pippin, the Macintosh Portable, the invasion of the Mac clones and the Newton MessagePad; all were failure products (Pitta & Pitta, 2012; Tyna n, 2011). Apple Inc. now operates in various lines of computer and music industries; it designs as well as manufactures all of its computers and software. It was ventured into the music world by marketing its products such as iPod, iTunes and digital music player (Al-Rubaie, 2010). The main target market of Apple comprises of home users, small and medium sized businesses along with education segment that comprises of younger generation and creative individuals. Apple retail store has successfully captured its target market’s attention and helped it in offering direct access to its products and software. According to McGee, Thomas, and Wilson (2005), strategy used by Apple is differentiation strategy as it believes in providing innovative products to its target market that are developed with cutting edge technology. Recently, Apple won its case against Samsung in which it charged Samsung for copying the design of iPhones. According to Gahran (2012), the jury of much-hyped Appl e versus Samsung patent infringement lawsuit handed down the verdict in which Apple was given everything that it wanted which was a billion dollar payment from Samsung and possibility of injunction against sales of infringement of Samsung smartphones and tablets. The main critical success factors of Apple are that it has well integrated computer systems; AirPort Express is a package offered by the company that comprises of print spooler, audio, bridging and Ethernet; subcontracting of its

Sunday, July 28, 2019

Policy Formulation and Implementation by International Public Research Paper

Policy Formulation and Implementation by International Public Administration Organizations - Research Paper Example International public administration basically entails the process of formulating public policies as well as implementing programs that have been established in line with the demands of the public policy. Policy entails the setting of goals and administration is concerned with the implementation of that policy (Naidu 61). Policy making is a constant process and the policy is formulated and reformulated at a range of levels in the administrative chain of command. The policy making process is divided into four levels; (a) the first level which is at the top is the political policy which is framed or created by the parliament, (b) the second level is the executive level which is framed or created by the cabinet, (c) the third level is the administrative policy in which the administrators perform the will of the government, and (d) the last level is the technical policy level; this is the lowest level and it is daily policy adopted by officials in the running of the administrative policy (Naidu 64). International policies are associated with four main aspects; internal, political, economic and external security related. International policies must take into consideration the interest of parties involved (mostly nation states), and must be formulated such as not to interfere unduly with national interests and the powers so held by various organs and authorities of the nations involved (South Asia Analysis para 2). Most importantly, the policies must be formulated such as to avoid conflicts and wherever unavoidable cause least damage to power, status and national interests. In this respect, member states have the responsibility to air their views concerning the issue under consideration and the impacts that solutions proposed will have on them. Member states are also expected to take into consideration the laws that govern their jurisdictions so that the international policies are in line with their respective constitutions. The first and main problem in the

Saturday, July 27, 2019

Contemporary Issue Paper Term Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Contemporary Issue - Term Paper Example It appeared that neither Henrietta Lacks, nor her family gave any consent for the using her cells for any kind of the research. Only when a line called HeLa cells was created, the family got to know that the cells of their relative were unlawfully used for this line. â€Å"The downside of this story is that no one said anything to Lacks herself about taking her cells -- nor did anyone get permission from her family. And as the years went by, and some people began to make money from the cells no one ever revealed this to Henrietta’s descendants, as is told in Skloot’s wonderful book. But that failure has now been fixed† (Caplan, 2013). When the information about the results of the research of the cells, which belong to Henrietta Lack, were published by European Molecular Biology Laboratory, her relatives were surprised to find out about how the cells of Henrietta were applied â€Å"they eventually learned they had fueled a line called HeLa cells, which have gener ated billions of dollars, but they didnt realize until this spring that her genome had been sequenced and made public for anyone to see† (Caplan, 2013). The grandchildren of Henrietta considered such actions to be the violation of their rights and immediately contacted the laboratory with the request to withdraw the material about their family due to the lack of their consent for its publication. The researchers had to apologize and change the rules. New rules prescribe that two representatives of Lacks’ family will supervise the access to the information about their relative. Now every investigator, who plans to use HeLa cells for the research, must inform the relatives about the intention. However, they still did not receive any access to the profit that could be received from the line. The book about Henrietta Lacks and her case was published in 2010 with the title â€Å"The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks†. This book, written by Rebecca

Friday, July 26, 2019

Real Estate Personal Statement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Real Estate Personal Statement - Essay Example This experience enriched me with a native fluency in the second language and unique experience in an international environment. In addition, I have greatly improved on my organizational skills due to continuous time pressure during my study abroad. I am conscious that a real estate agent, especially in touristic areas, has to be proficient in several languages and possess a power of persuasion. That is why French and Spanish are my additional languages of choice that I work on in parallel to my main studies and already achieved significant proficiency in both of them. Moreover, I try when possible to engage in volunteer activity or short part time work as a receptionist to polish my communication skills with as a large variety of people. In final years of my undergraduate study I focused more on the Real Estate related profession and in two years successfully acquired a Real Estate License from Chamber of Commerce of Perugia. As my final exams are approaching I would like to define my future career entry as precise as possible and make sure that any additional studies or internships are well aligned with my professional goals. I strongly believe that my motivation and enthusiasm combined with short, but intense professional experience will help me to tackle future challenges in professional as well as educational settings. I look forward in exploring new horizons and educational opportunities that could help to propel my future

Thursday, July 25, 2019

Uses of Bt insect resistance in agriculture Essay

Uses of Bt insect resistance in agriculture - Essay Example Uses of Bt insect resistance in agriculture This remarkable finding which happened in 1911 was not the first time Bt went under close inspection; in the Far East, ten years before, a Japanese scientist who was investigating the almost instantaneous death of silkworms first discovered it. More than a century has now passed since Bt's discovery, and for more than half of it, Bt has been used as a natural insecticide, being sprayed onto crops. (Shelton 2008) But just how does Bt work in the first place' Unlike Dichlorodiphenyltricloroethane, which has been known to be a three-letter acronym for the words notorious killer because of its infamousness in inflicting damage to organisms it should not, Bt is not a contact poison. Bt has to be eaten first before it can poison any unsuspecting insect. B. thuringiensis has spores which contain crystal proteins or cry proteins. When ingested by an insect, the active insecticidal crystal protein or (ICP) breaks down in the insect's gut and releases a toxin called delta-endotoxin. This delta-endotoxin then reacts with certain receptors on the intestinal lining and makes pores causing the leakage of its contents and paralyzation of the insect's digestive system resulting to insect death. The killing is a slow process that may take hours or even days. (Shelton 2008) However, it must be noted that because of the paralysis of the insect’s digestive system, the insect soon stops eating. Immediately dead or not, the goal of saving the crops fr om mass mastication of unwanted living forms is definitely achieved. (Office of Biotechnology at Iowa State University 2008) Bt may not be as fast a killer as the conventional insecticides are, but in this ever health conscious world, speed is not the only thing to consider. Synthetic insecticides such as those whose active ingredient is DDT have been banned in many countries and for a number of good reasons. And it is because of such reasons why many farmers choose Bt over it; human safety, of course, is the primary concern. (Bassein 2008) As mentioned, Bt has been used for more than 50 years now as an effective insecticide. So far, there are no reports of it harming anyone. And the underlying reason according to experts is the fact that Bt toxins are toxic only to certain insects; truly, this is good news for bees and beekeepers alike. The rationale' The receptors which are present in the insects' guts are not found in most other organisms, in mammals, and most importantly, in humans. (Federal Ministry of Education and Research 2008) The different strains of B. thuringiensis produce different delta-endotoxins, each "catering" to a specific order of insect. The most common of Bt's cry proteins are those that belong to the Cry1 class which are toxic to lepidopterous insects (e.g. moths such as the European corn borer, butterflies). It is also the most active ingredient in most Bt-based commercial insecticides today. Other proteins belong to the Cry2 class which unlike their Cry1 counterparts, produce a single, smaller crystal per cell. This class is toxic to insects belonging in both the Lepidoptera and Diptera (e.g. flies and mosquitoes) orders. There is also the Cry3 class which poisons the coleopterous (e.g. beetles like the

Project Analysis and Planning, Project Execution, Project Monitoring Essay

Project Analysis and Planning, Project Execution, Project Monitoring and Control, Project Risk and Change Management - Essay Example They have helped most of the biggest brands in the world acquire huge profits. Some of these brands are Ducati, Revion, Southwest Airlines and the New York stock exchange. High standards are set by the Board of Directors for personnel at VMware creating room for acquiring the best results. The Board follows a set of guidelines that are in the company’s best interests and within the laws set in place in the United States of America. (VMware.Inc, 2014) Virtualization software has four main objectives. Use of more hardware resources than before, reduction in cost of management and resources, improves flexibility of businesses, security and downtime. Earlier, hardware resources were not being put to full use. Computers could be hooked up to different servers but through using virtualization infrastructure, computers can be hooked to one main server and still perform operations efficiently. In fact, computer operations become more efficient. Resource and Management costs are reduced when businesses use a virtualized system. Creating more room for physical computer servers in organizations is eliminated due to the fact that a virtualized system accumulates very little room as the system acts as one physical server for all computers in the organization. Therefore, costs for creating more room are eliminated. (AJ Muller, 2005) Flexibility of businesses is achieved when using virtualization through elimination of cost used to set up space for additional computers when a business needs to expand its workstations. Virtualization is easier to set up and requires no additional expenses in hardware and extra space. Improvement in security and reduced downtime are another one of the objectives of virtualization. In the event that a computer crashes, retrieving software becomes very difficult if the computers do not have a virtualized infrastructure causing increased costs in rectifying the problem and downtime before the problem has

Wednesday, July 24, 2019

The Promotional Role of Commercial Banks in Economic Development in Essay

The Promotional Role of Commercial Banks in Economic Development in Oman - Essay Example The paper tells that there has been favorable progress made towards developing economic well being of the people worldwide. However, there has not been a significant development realized in Oman in various fields. However, it has been realized that commercial banks can significantly boost the level of development in Oman. This can be realized through promoting its operations. This paper is set to explore the subject of promoting the role of commercial banks in the economic development of Oman. In this case, the paper is set to achieve various research objectives among them are finding out the role of commercial banks in developing the economy of Oman, and identifying the functions of commercial banks in Oman. With a view to realizing the objectives set above, the following research questions shall be of prime importance. First, what is the promotion role of commercial banks in developing Oman’s economy? Secondly, what are the advantages of commercial banks? Thirdly, what is th e relationship between commercial banks and the development of Oman’s economy? Last but not least what is the contribution of Oman’s banks in the development of the economy? Future Plans For a follow-up plan, a study shall be conducted and shall involve collecting of primary data. The collection of primary data will be done using a questionnaire. Both quantitative data and qualitative data will be collected from selected commercial banks. Questionnaires will be randomly administered to the chosen participants and will be carried out one by one. After this process, data shall be analyzed through coding first and then later through triangulation of the coded data. Descriptive techniques such as tables, charts, percentages, and charts will then be used to present the analyzed data. Secondary data will also be used in the analysis of the promotion role of commercial banks in economic development, and make a comparison with already conducted studies on the same topic. The f inal process shall involve discussing the findings. In this case, obtained results will be compared with given theories in the literature. This will give the researcher an insight concerning the contribution of commercial banks to Oman’s economy. Last but not least, recommendations shall about the study shall be

Tuesday, July 23, 2019

Competitive Antagonism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Competitive Antagonism - Essay Example Here, ACh is the agonist of muscarinic receptors. Mechanism of smooth muscle contraction – When ACh stimulates the G-protein coupled muscarinic receptors, a conformational change occurs, leading to the activation of the G-protein. The activated G-protein activates the intracellular enzyme, PLC (phospholipase C). This enzyme in turn hydrolyses PI(4,5)P2 (phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate). This hydrolysis results in the production of two compounds – DAG (diacylglycerol) and IP3 (inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate). IP3 is soluble and diffuses through the cytosol. It binds to receptors on the endoplasmic reticulum resulting in the release of calcium ions (Ca2+) from the intracellular stores. The rise in intracellular calcium ions results in contraction of the smooth muscle. This happens when the intracellular calcium ions bind to calmodulin and activate it. Activation of calmodulin results in activation of the myosin light-chain kinase (MLCK) enzyme by the calcium-calmodulin complex, which then catalyzes the transfer of ph osphate group from ATP to myosin cross bridges. The phosphorylated myosin cross bridges then interact with actin, causing shortening of the fiber. This results in muscle contraction. The cross-bridge cycle is powered by ATP. Second messenger involved - IP3 (inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate) is the second messenger, as it relays the signal from outside the cell to the inside, resulting in the release of calcium ions that cause muscle contraction. Acetylcholine (ACh) and adrenaline (Ad) are two agonists whose actions are independent of one another and result in opposite effects. Ad brings about the relaxation of pre-contracted smooth muscle by acting via the G-protein coupled ÃŽ ²-adrenergic receptors on the cells. Mechanism of Ad induced relaxation of pre-contracted smooth muscle – Ad binds to the G-protein linked ÃŽ ²-adrenergic receptor causing a conformational change in the G-protein. This activates the enzyme adenylate cyclase.

Monday, July 22, 2019

The practice of pilgrimage during medieval times Essay Example for Free

The practice of pilgrimage during medieval times Essay Examine and Comment on the practice of pilgrimage during medieval times and its significance in the medieval church As pilgrimage in medieval times is a very large topic to explore, I have decided to use Canterbury as my focus. Canterbury was and is still seen as a very important place for pilgrimage and was the main reason why pilgrims from other parts of England, Europe and all over the world have come to venerate St Thomas Becket. I want to examine how pilgrimage at Canterbury developed and evolved from Beckets death in 1170 to the Reformation in the 1500s. What kind of an effect did this have on the Cathedrals revenue; surely the Cathedral saw a large profit? Even though people had been visiting Canterbury for centuries in small groups so that they could respect and honour saints like Augustine, Dunstan and Alphege, however, was it pilgrimage to the shrine of Thomas Becket, the murdered Archbishop, which made most the money for Canterbury?Did pilgrimage to his shrine help to make a very wide impact on pilgrimage in England as it brung the majority of pilgrims to Canterbury Cathedral? During the medieval ages Canterbury Cathedral saw its peak years in terms of the number of visitors and revenue generated as well as its downfalls which I would like to explore along with the common criticisms of pilgrimage. R.Finucane begins his book Miracles and Pilgrims by asking why pilgrims in the early middle ages would be drawn to the mouldering remains of a saint. The answer is most likely to be because they wanted a cure for their illnesses. Finucane describes cripples writhing on the floor of Beckets simple tomb1Thomas Beckets death in 1170 had a massive effect on the number of pilgrims that came to Canterbury. After he died in 1170 news of miracles spread almost immediately, not just in Canterbury but in other places around England. For example two days after the killing a Gloucester girl was cured of a head complaint after praying to the martyr2 A monk called Benedict who was responsible for the relics recorded the first set of miracles. The following year another Canterbury monk, William recorded 483 miracles. Between the two monks the total which was recorded was 703 miracles in the first ten years after the Archbishops death. From these results we can see that William recorded a larger number of miracles than Benedict which shows that the news of miracles at Canterbury had spread widely even between the early years of 1171 and 11723. Sarah Hopper also tells us that it is estimate that almost a third of visitors to the shrine were foreign and it is also interesting to note that his shrinew received more foreign pilgrims than any other. This large number of miracles that occurred would have encouraged more pilgrims to gradually come to worship at the shrine of St Thomas Becket and when pilgrims first started to visit the Cathedral to venerate Thomas Becket their experience would be a very ordered process. When they got there, there would be welcomed by a monk who would act as their guide and lead them on a tour which was very well structured. Monks would lead the pilgrims to the North transept which was the first pilgrimage station where Becket was murdered. From here the pilgrim would see a column removed and an altar in it place to mark the spot, they would see two broken pieces of steel that had shattered Richard le Brets swords. This reminds pilgrims of the horrendous nature of Beckets death. However what was achieved by Beckets martyrdom was a better understanding and appreciation of what Becket suffered for his beliefs. Some pilgrims might also go up the stairs, on their knees if they wished to the high altar where Beckets body was left the night of his murder. Ascending this path towards the shrine would have been very symbolic for the pilgrim. The quality of the shrines location was of a very high quality as it was at the highest end of Canterbury Cathedral. This was because by following this course the pilgrims would be enacting not only the last steps taken by Thomas Becket but they would be also on a spiritual journey themselves. The next station they may visit is the crypt where the atmosphere was very different, more sombre and still. There they would see Beckets tomb raised and there would be two oval holes where pilgrims placed their heads or their hand against the stone coffin. In John Adairs book The Pilgrims Way he notes that a foreign pilgrim once wrote that church seemed to be piled on church, a new temple entered as soon as one ended4. This implies that the Cathedral was slightly overwhelming for many pilgrims going from station to station, all of which having their own significance. When they had seen scenes of Beckets miracles in the stained glass windows this would encourage many to filled their lead ampullae at the Wall of St Thomas. This water which could be brought at Canterbury was said to contain some of the saints blood. When Becket died the monks used cloth to salvage some of the blood from the saint. This water was also given to many churches in England. This would also see the spreading of the message about Beckets divine healing power. Was this water effective in miraculously curing diseases? Adair also mentions John who was a chaplain to the Archdeacon of Salop was bothered by an unlpeasant polypus in his nose. It started to cause paralysis he described the sensation of the water as cold as ice, chasing the disease through his body and almost freezing his brain5 after a large sneeze he came across a cherry stone in his mouth. He was healed and walked home and he would not leave the cherry-stone behind as it was his evidence of a divine intervention On 21st Febraury 1172, Becket was canonised by Pope Alexander III which brought a larger number of pilgrims to Canterbury. By making someone a saint this would increase their popularity and make them better known. The cult of Thomas Becket had now officially began and thus leading to more people wanting to make their pilgrimage to Canterbury.One can only assume that Pope Alexander heard about Thomas Becket through news of him spreading because of pilgrims. Pilgrims also came to Canterbury to seek penance from St Thomas Becket. Penace was a common reason for many pilgrims to go on a pilgrimage. This was the idea that if you commited a sin you would carry out a pilgrimage to beg forgiveness at the shrine of a saint such as Thomas Becket. Chaucer (c1340 -1400) described, when a man has sinned openly, of which sin the fame is openly spoken in the countryCommon penance is that priests enjoin men commonly in certain cases, as for to go, peradventue, naked in pilgrimages or barefoot One example of a pilgrim who walked in a sackcloth among pilgrims and also barefoot was Henry II, who was also the most famous pilgrim who sought forgiveness Furthermore he was also the most famous royal pilgrim who sought redemption at Beckets shrine after his men murdered the Archbishop. He walked barefoot from the West gate of the city to Beckets tomb. He allowed himself here to be scourged. This was not an unknown act amongst pilgrims. It was a frequent practice and seen as a punishment for those who were making a penance at Canterbury. The pilgrims would be beaten with rods by the clergy. Pilgrimage can also be seen as a spiritual journey as Langland describes that You must travel , both men and women, through Humility, until you arrive at Conscience: there Christ may know for certain that you love God above all else6. So, this highlights the religious importance behind doing a penance as well. It was mainly local people who would come to visit Beckets tomb up to 1220 when his bones were translated to the new Trinity Chapel which stood on the site of the old Trinity Chapel. However, why did they choose to move his body there? a Canterbury monk explains that it stands on the site of the old Trinity Chapel, where he celebrated his first mass, where he was wont to prostrate himself with tears and prayers, under whose crypt for so many years he was buried, where God for his merits had performed so many miracles, where poor and rich, kings and princes, had worshipped him, and whence the sound of his praises had gone forth into all lands7. These associations with the Archbishop was why they chose to translate his body to the new Trinity Chapel Festivals Celebrated at Canterbury Festivals celebrated at Canterbury would also attract more pilgrims to Canterbury. People would crowd around the doors outside the Cathedral on the vigils of the Translation and of saints Martyrdom. Here pilgrims may spend the night. Examples of activities that pilgrims would do include prayers, devotions, games and music. However, this would also give the opportunity for many thieves to steal from the pilgrims as they would often wander around the large crowds. Beckets translation led to the annual Canterbury fair on the 7th July which was The Feast of the Translation. Many booths and stalls would be opened making a lot of money from visitors. As the Feast of the Translation was set in the summer and not the winter like The Feast of St Thomas of Canterbury has attracted a larger number of pilgrims from further away. It is said that the first jubilee in 1220 gained a sum of à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1,142 5s 8. This sum was mainly made up of the offering to the saints shrine and also the site of t he martyrdom There were also other factors which affected the revenue which were of a more social and political nature. For example when the Cathedral hosted the Black Princes funeral in 1376 and the crowning of King George and Queen Isabella in Canterbury Cathedral this saw extremely high amounts in these years. The Customary and revenue at Canterbury It was very important for the shrine to be well guarded every day and night because they had many important tasks to carry out. There was a guide of the custodians duties called the Customary which was written by two monks. There were two guards in the Trinity Chapel one was temporal and the other spiritual. In the summer they would get up at five and it would be six in the winter. They would celebrate a daily Mass in honour of Becket at his shrine and the spiritual guard was responsible for this as well as ringing a bell to gather the pilgrims . These guards also had to ensure that the pilgrims were well looked after because many would be exhausted so they would be offered food and refreshments. Before the Feast of the Translation they had to prepare the shrine for the festivities which were about to take place. The Customary also lists the expenditures from the coins that were offered at the shrine. We assume that because of the many people that visited the shrine the Cathedral generated a great amount of revenue. However, Woodruff calculate that even though there were large some of money received by the Cathedral on both of its own Jubilee years of 1320 and 1370 the cellarers expenditures were extremely large and the accounts show an unfavourable balance9. In other words, this emans that more money had been spent than generated at Canterbury Cathedral at this time. The Corona Beyond the Trinity Chapel at the very eastern end of the Cathedral a special unique chapel was added to protect the Corona or Beckets Crown which was a thin saucer of bone that had been sliced from the Saints skull. This would have also brought more pilgrims because it was a holy relic. Pilgrims would venerate the segment of skull that had been set in a golden likeness of his head encrusted with gold. The Black Death (1349 -51) in the fourteenth century also had its impact on the practice of pilgrimage in Canterbury. The potbreak in 1348-9 led to the shrine of St Thomas Becket benfiting finacialy through generous offerings. Around this time many may have gone to Canterbury in the hope that they would be healed. At this time when the Black Death was at its worse St Thomas saw some very generous offerings as well as St Mary who was in the undercroft However, in the 1400s how did the practice of pilgrimage develop? Offerings from pilgrims would add up to à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½700 at the shrine alone itself. Was the practice of pilgrimage at Canterbury any different at all from its earlier stages ? It wasnt an ordered process anymore. It would be a much noisier atmosphere compared to the early stages of pilgrimage at Canterbury. Many pilgrims would visit Beckets shrine at the apex of steps and altars. For a few coins pilgrims had the opportunity to see the canopy of Beckets shrine raised up and this would reveal gold and silver ornaments and gems and rubies. After the pilgrims had seen the sights at Canterbury and spent a night perhaps at Eastbridge Hospital they would leave the next day with phials of Canterbury water. This was their proof to their neighbours that they had seen he famous tomb of Thomas Becket. However criticisms of pilgrimage to Canterbury soon developed and it is becoming more and more evident that people were lavishly spending their money on souvenirs. William Thorpe was charged with heresy by the Archbishop of Canterbury in 1407 because he expressed his views of how he believed that it was a disservice to God by wasting money and forming rleations with lascivious women in places such as Canterbury as well as Walsingham10 . Did the medieval pilgrims actually abuse pilgrimage or was their behaviour natural because of society at the time. This is certainly the reason as People in medieval times were eager to travel to new places and were probably overwhelmed by the sights and wanted to purchase items as proof that they had seen the famous tomb. However, the more people that came to Canterbury Cathedral the more revenue that was gained Diana Webb notes that in 1370 Simon Sudbury, bishop of London told a group of pilgrims that were on their way to Canterbury for the Jubilee indulgence that they would receive no benefit from it11. The group of pilgrims who had heard this accused the bishop of criticising the merits of Thomas Becket. They prophesised that the bishop would meet an evil end and he was killed by the rebels from Watt Tylers rebellion in 1381.It was also commonly believed that as saints were able to leave their graves so a man didnt have to come in contact with a relic to invoke them or even punished by them. Then when a woman called Aliza heard that a woman had lost their sight after visiting Beckets tomb she burst out laughing, saying, Others whom the Martyr receives in sickness, he sends back healed, you, however, went there well, and now return blind. While dissolved in laughter, Aliza was suddenly blinded, and eventually only partially cured12. Others may citicise motive such as going on pilgrimage for casual sexual experiences and some may use the journey in order to commit adultery. Is there any evidence however that pilgrimage was abused in this manner? Sarah hopper tells us that most of Chaucers pilgrims show to a certain degree their lack of moral values and spiritual discipline. This In 1500 a Venetian described how he saw the shrine the magnificence of the tomb of St Thomas the martyr, Archbishop of Canterbury, is which surpasses all belief13. This was certainly the case until the Reformation where it is written that twenty -six wagons were required to transport all the trasures away from Beckets shrine when Henry VIII destroyed it. After 1538 when Henry VIII destroyed Beckets shrine and his bones there was no longer the amazing shrine for pilgrims to see. However, pilgrimage had again changed before Henry VIII destroyed the shrine . In 1532 there was evidence in a decrease of revenue. In one of the sacristys books a note that the combined offerings at the cathedral added up to à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 13 13s 3d and this about thirty times less than received at the shrine when pilgrimage activity at Canterbury was at its highest. After the Reformation, Canterbury saw a significant decrease in pilgrims visiting the Cathedral. In 1538 when Henry VIII destroyed Beckets shrine and his bones there was no longer the amazing shrine for pilgrims to see. Overall, pilgrimage to Canterbury had developed greatly in medieval times from Beckets martyrdom in 1170 to the Reformation in 1538. Early key episodes such as Beckets murder in 1170, his canonization in 1173 and his translation have seen a significant increase in pilgrims coming to Canterbury. The main motive seems to be in order to get healed because it is was news of his miracles spreading further that more people visited the tomb and then the shrine. Its most significant increase as suggested my most scholars such as Dianan Webb, was in 1220 when his bones were translated because of what medieval life was like this would have been a breathtaking and an amazing sight to behold. As time goes on motives may have been more based on seeing and just as an opportunity to travel. There are criticisms that have developed and even though we assume because of the large number of pilgrims that visited Canterbury and even though large sums were offered, it seems that because of large expenditures this did not make the cathedral much of a profit. When Henry VIII destroyed the shrine this meant that there wasnt much for people to see anymore seeing what seemed to be an end to pilgrimage at Canterbury. Overall, I believe it was Thomas Becket who William Langland describes a symbol of resistance to oppression of the Church by the secular power of his day14 which was the main reson that pilgrims ventured to Canterbury. 1 R. Finucane Miracles and Pilgrims- Introduction page 9 2 William Purcell- Pilgrims England Chapter 7 Canterbury and St Thomas p.167 3 Sarah Hopper- To be a Pilgrim The Medieval Pilgrimage Experience Chapter 5 p.60 4 The Pilgrims Way- John Adair page 68 5 The Pilgrims Way- John Adair page 40 6 Piers Plowman- William Langland passus V page 61 7 The Pilgrims Way- John Adair page 68 8 To be a pilgrim- Gods Magic Shrines and Miracles Sarah Hopper p.127 9 European Pilgrimage- Indulgences and Jubilees pg 73 10 To be a Pilgrim chapter Oppositions to Pilgrimage- Sarah Hopper page 162 11 Pilgrims and Pilgrimage Diana Webb- page 72 12 R. Finucane Miracles and Pilgrims- p.34-5 13 Pilgrims England Chapter 7 Canterbury and Thomas William Purcell page183

Sunday, July 21, 2019

The oldest forms of energy

The oldest forms of energy 1 Introduction: Solar Energy Solar energy is one of the oldest forms of energy on the planet. Rays emitted from the sun are responsible for sustaining all life forms on the planet. Solar energy uses the sun as a source of heat by concentrating the heat via various methods and using those methods to channel through a heat engine and produce power. Because of this, solar thermal power generation is very much like traditional forms of power generation due to the combustion of fossil fuels, which also need the heat engines as a catalyst for the conversion into energy. It is always renewable and will never be exhausted as long as the planet and sun are present. However, the initial cost of startup for the heat engines is expensive, but over time the savings actually outweigh the initial startup fees, making this a significant choice in promoting a cleaner option for energy usage (SOLAR ENERGY n.d.). This is not a new technique. Although it is documented that the first patent for a solar collection device was given to Germany in 1907, the first real effort to actually use the sun as a heat source did not begin until the infamous oil crises of the 1970s. Even after the first plants were constructed in California during the 1980s, the funding for solar energy development dried up due to the fact cheaper methods could be found, although some of them might not be as environmentally friendly (Poullikkas 2009). Because of the global warming crisis issue during the past several years combined with insanely erratic oil and gas prices, this method of energy is now being revisited as a potential means to help meet the needs of the current energy crisis. There have recently been several proposed projects and there is a strong possibility that solar energy can finally become mainstream as a renewable energy resource, along with wind, water, and solar photovoltaic technologies (Poullikkas 2009). 2: Review of Article Andreas Poullikkas (2009) investigated the economic feasibility of the installation of a parabolic trough solar thermal system for energy generation throughout the Mediterranean region. In his article, Economic analysis of power generation from parabolic trough solar thermal plants for the Mediterranean region- A case study for the island of Cyprus, all variables concerning the potential for Cyprus, as well as all of the available data pertinent to renewable energy sources dealing with the policy of the Cyprus government were taken into account. A method of cost-analysis was used to show the differences between energy output with and without the solar plants and also to show the differences in carbon dioxide level output and fossil fuel emissions. The area of Cyprus was chosen as a research site due to the fact there are no hydrocarbon energy sources and it is almost one hundred percent dependent on imported fossil fuels. The solar energy in the area is used mostly for the heating of water. Current estimates show about 90% of the homes, 80% of the apartments, and 50% of the hotels have solar-water heating systems, thus causing Cyprus to actually be the first country in the world with the most installed solar collectors per person (Cyprus Institute of Energy 2009). In order to fully understand the rationale behind the study, we must understand the different types of solar energy available. There are two major markets for solar energy, the photovoltaic and the solar thermal. The solar thermal market actually uses the heat emitted from the sun to heat water or generate power. The photovoltaic market consists of solar cells which use the properties of different materials to change sunlight into electricity (Poullikkas 2009). The three forms of solar radiation systems currently available are parabolic trough systems, solar tower systems, and solar dish systems. For the purpose of this article, we will concentrate on the parabolic trough systems and the cost effectiveness of using the systems in the Cyprus area. When many of these parabolic troughs are lined together, it forms a power plant, which then is responsible for holding the heating fluid inside the pipes, moving it along the range of pipes into a generator to produce the electricity, which is the end product. The process continues in a cycle as long as there is solar power from which to collect the heating fluid to store inside the trough pipes. The significant drawback for this type of energy production is that the troughs are large in physical size and expensive, thus having an impact on the overall initial economics of the plant (Garcia-Rodrigueza and Blanco-Galvezb 2007). The most important consideration for a solar thermal power plant is the land mass required to hold all of the equipment for sufficient energy production. There is little evidence due to under usage of this solar technology to make an educated guess at the land space required for such a plant to be constructed (Poullikkas 2009). The requirements for the amount of land needed, as researchers currently estimate, depends on the amount of sunlight potential as well as the amount of integrated thermal storage. Current numbers figure a space of approximately 25m/kW if there is no thermal storage integration (Poullikkas 2009). Researchers also believe the electricity produced from a parabolic solar thermal power plan is dependent on the amount of sunlight as well as the number of hours the plant is in operation and the degree of thermal storage. The research conducted in this article shows a direct proportion in the increase of solar energy collection with an increase of the size and number of plant troughs. Therefore, the bigger the plant, the more electricity it will produce. After research was completed and figures were calculated via a parametric cost-benefit analysis, it was decided that, overall, the installation of a solar thermal system for the Mediterranean region would be profitable and economically feasible, but only under certain circumstances. Depending on the physical size of the plant, how much storage capacity is available, the initial startup cost, and the costs involved with purchasing land would all have to be factored in with each separate situation. Thus, there is no standard answer fo r the world (Poullikkas 2009). 3: What the Future Holds The best model of solar plant would include building based on the parabolic troughs, but beside a combined cycle power plant, which would be called an integrated solar combined cycle plant. This type of configuration would burn natural gas to produce electricity. The heat from the turbine exhaust would be fed into a heat boiler and would generate steam to drive the steam generator portion of the plant. Heat from solar energy being collected would be used to help supplement the heat from the turbine exhaust and would increase the output from the steam turbine section. There actually are plants being built in Morocco, Algeria and Egypt which rely on this integrated electrical technology to produce greater masses of electricity, yet decrease the emissions of fossil fuels and carbon dioxide output (Promotion and consolidation of all RTD activities for renewable distributed generation technologies in the Mediterranean region 2009). There are actually a minimal number of solar thermal power plans both under construction and already in operation around the world (Concentrating solar power for the Mediterranean region 2009). The Solar Electric Generating System, which contains nine solar power plants, is located in the Mohave Desert in California. The energy from solar power is utilized at night from the burning of natural gas, but about ninety percent of electricity from this plant is directly produced from the sun. Nevada Solar One is located in El Dorado Valley, Nevada, and is based on the parabolic trough technology discussed earlier in this article. There is a gas heater for back -up production in the case of solar energy not being sufficient to meet the demand. PS10 is based on solar tower technology and is located in Sanlucar de Mayor, Spain. It is the first solar tower plant to begin commercialization of electrical generation in the world (Concentrating solar power for the Mediterranean region 2009). Andasol 1 and Andasol 2 are solar thermal plants which are identical in physical appearance and operation. They are scheduled to begin operations soon and will be Europes first solar thermal parabolic trough power plants. Solnova 1 is also under construction and is located in Sanlucar de Mayor, Spain. It, too, is based upon the parabolic trough technology. There are other solar energy projects underway. In the field of photovoltaic research and development, new materials will be made and altered to further enhance the emission rays of the sunlight in order to get the most energy from solar light possible. It is speculated that a 10 x 15 mile area of desert land could actually provide citizens with over 20,000 megawatts of power. For this United States, this is a positive idea. It could potentially mean providing an area of 100 miles on each side of this desert with photovoltaic solar power. This would drastically cut emissions and harm to the environment (Solar History Timeline: The Future 2006). 4: Discussion Solar energy and other renewable resources are needed at this very moment in order to cut greenhouse emissions and help with the general health of the environment and its people. However, based on the above article, it seems there is much more research and investigation to do. The research done thus far has been positive for the most part, but cost analysis is a significant factor in the decision making process. Many smaller countries are not going to be able to afford the extra capital in order to help their corner of the Earth, even if they have all of the right conditions. It will be up to the world leaders of more developed countries such as Europe, the United States, and others, to help contribute to this globalisation process. Poullikkas article does indeed give the public a good representation of the various types of solar power systems available to us and how each would be effective under our own unique set of conditions. What the article seems to fall short on, though, is a definite answer. Apparently, at this point in time, there is not one. There are only ongoing research studies and various solar power models in different parts of the world demonstrating how the generation of electricity actually would benefit society in a cleaner and more productive way. Perhaps in the next decade research will have come much farther and there will be many other ways renewable resources could be used to meet the energy demands of our growing world. References Concentrating solar power for the Mediterranean region. 2009. http://www.desertec.org (accessed December 31, 2009). Cyprus Institute of Energy. 2009. http://www.cie.org.cy (accessed December 31, 2009). Garcia-Rodrigueza, L, and J Blanco-Galvezb. Solar-heated Rankine cycles for water and electricity production: POWERSOL project. Desalination, 2007: 311-319. Poullikkas, Andreas. Economic analysis of power generation from parabolic trough solar thermal plants for the Mediterranean Region- A case study for the island of Cyprus. Renewable and Sustanainable Energy Reviews, 2009: 2474-2484. Promotion and consolidation of all RTD activities for renewable distributed generation technologies in the Mediterranean region. 2009. http://www.distres.eu (accessed December 31, 2009). SOLAR ENERGY. http://www.history.rochester.edu/class/solar/solar.htm (accessed December 31, 2009). Solar History Timeline: The Future. January 5, 2006. http://www1.eere.energy.gov/solar/solar_time_future.html (accessed December 31, 2009).

Concept and theories in political economy

Concept and theories in political economy 1.0 Introduction One of the main outcomes of neo-liberalism in IPE (International political Economy) in economic reforms is Privatisation. To develop my argument, I will look at the arguments of neo-liberalism in favour of privatisation and trans-nationalisation of capital through globalisation. The idea of globalisation has grown to be one of the generally effective in socio economic development as well as raises the global cross boarder in term of social, economic and cultural. ‘To day the terms ‘World economy, ‘world market and ‘globalisation are commonplace, appearing in the sound bites of politicians (Dunn: 188). The debate of the above three vectors relate with economic competition and privatisation try to increase world interdependent and become desirable and inevitable process. Afterwards globalisation is rising attractive a controversial subject whether it can really be important in socio economic development and improve human welfare. A number of scholars in this part come across not so convincingly to provide or even concur that relation between globalisation and privatisation in terms of free competition and free trade (worldwide capital mobility) lead to economic effectiveness, welfare and democracy. To my understanding, globalisation is an important but not adequate circumstance to hasten socio economic. 1.1 PURPOSE. The foundation of this essay is to essentially examine how aspects of globalisation with privatisation and trans-nationalisation of capital are either important desirable in socio economic improvement. The essay will begin by introducing the concepts of globalisation and will explain Neoliberals perspective on globalisation and its effects on socio economic using different readings, lectures, Journals and my individual observation concerning to the issue. The primary part of this essay will demonstrate the neoliberal arguments in favour of privatisation and trans-nationalisation of capital and its contribution of economic o the process of accelerated economic growth and poverty reduction. Secondly, it will examine some view and criticism and or challenges associated from other perspectives for concerning arguments. Finally, I will draw a conclusion based on review findings. 1.2 CONCEPTS. The idea of globalisation is global change relate with connections of social, cultural, economic and political between actors across the globe. (Robinson: 1999). According to Todaro, globalisation is increasing integrations of national economies into expanding international markets. The above information explains that the process of globalisation try to make a global single set. Indeed Gill accepts that ‘globalisation is part of broad process of restructuring of state and civil society and political economy culture. He emphasizes that ‘It is ideology largely consistent with the world view and political priorities of large- scale internationally mobile forms of capital. Mobility of resources is very crucial in development, investment and services for increasing internationally interconnection and commonly world economy. The OECD1 handbook on Economic Globalisation Indicators explained that the term ‘globalisation has been widely used to describe the increasing intern ationalisation of financial market and of markets for goods and services. In this regards the integrations of capital labour and financial services is very important for economic inter-reliance. The Concept of neo-liberalism is a set of economic policies that have become widespread during the last two decade. Martinez 1996. Indeed (Cerny, 2008), explained that, during 1980s ‘neo-liberalism was related with International Relation while 1990s focus on economic and liberalisation in International Political Economy. Thorsen agrees that ‘is used to describe a range of policies and an economic philosophy that stress international free trade, economic liberalism or capitalism and the promotion of such through deregulation privatisation and liberalisation of nation economies. He highlights that, ‘the term neo liberalism also used to imply that is a new form of economic liberalism more commonly known as ‘capitalism but on global scale. In this logic the neoliberals relate with open of trans-nationalisation of capital and liberation of enterprises and state linking the appearance of market civilisation. Mean while, (Gill1995) agrees that ‘neoliberal macroeconomic policies, aligned to the ideology of the competition state, hence the competition through the privatisation is more essential and enhance global interconnection on socio economic growth. According to sheikh (2004) neoliberals dominants modern globalisation. Its practices are justified by asset of theoretical claim rooted in standard economic theory. Market is represented as optimal and self regulating social structure. It is claimed that if market must be allowed to function with out restraint. Therefore, neoliberals believe that the role of government is to provide public service and markets will adjustment naturally. Neo-liberalism perspective with globalisation reflects on international competitiveness, the policy might engage in recreation of a role in improving international economy. Hirst (2009) at el accepts that, ‘to neo-liberalism international competitiveness as the characteristic modality of international economic governance. It involves political compromise including diplomatic bargaining between countries to establish compromises on trade policy as exemplified by the GATT mechanism. A long with this for neo-liberalism emphasis on the political bargaining is very significant the exercise of international market entrance. 2. Privatisation and Trans-nationalisation of Capital. Before the description and explanation of the neo-liberalism arguments in favour of privatisation. I will describe in short the meaning of privatisation In generally. According to Todaro 2009 ‘the privatisation of state owned enterprises in the production and financial sectors, hinges on orthodox hypothesis that private ownership brings greater efficiency and more rapid growth In addition he emphasise that ‘privatisation improves efficiency, increase outputs and lower costs to reduce public internal and external debt, and promotes individuals initiatives while rewarding entrepreneurship. In this regards states by implementing this policy leads to improve growth and increase in the rational choice for consumer and socio economic level. Martinez (1996) agrees that ‘privatisation sell state-owned enterprises, goods and services to private investors. This includes banks, key industries, railroads, toll highways, electricity, schools, hospitals and even fresh water. Although usually done in the name of greater efficiency, which is often needed, privatization has mainly had the effect of concentrating wealth even more in a few hands and making the public pay even more for its needs. In general privatisation is very crucial on world economy yet it is increasingly becoming a debated issue whether it can improve the economy or make it is worse situation especially in developing Countries. Related with trans-nationalisation of capital is a kind of recent capitalism connected with hegemonic tool for analysis of transitional economy. Capital transnationalisation can be transferred through different type in terms of and goods and service capital, financial capital, and productive capital. Bina (1991) agrees that there are three ways of trans-nationalisation in world economy (i) ‘Concentration and centralisation of capital both in manufacturing (industrial capital) and financial capital. (ii) The formation of finance capital and further development of credits system for expanded reproduction and the consequent internationalisation of all circuits of capital and globalisation and production through the medium of transnational cooperation (TNCs). However economic labour movement and financial flow become considerable society in the age of globalisation. Labour is directly related to the reason of advanced capitalism. This requires an inspection of requirements of the p olitical economy of today trans-nationalisation. Cerny 2008 argue that ‘for neo-liberalism contemporary politics entails both a process of choosing between version of neo-liberalism, and the attempt to innovate creativity within the new neoliberal playing field including open trade capital flows embedded financial orthodoxy, the regulatory state, privatisation and hybrid forms of governance are the bottom line of neo-liberalism. In theory, it offers prediction of amendment of political institutions increase of economic globalisation. The argument of neo-liberalism paradigm base on free market and privatisation has encouraging effects in social impartiality. Moreover they believe in freedom of movement for capital commodities, it advocates the opportunity of economies and competition in the world market in situation of complete freedom. Hirst agrees that ‘economic performance measures through ‘competitiveness. Idea of competitiveness relate with comparative advantages that is different countries lead each country will capable to acquire other product at al lower resources cost less hours. Moreover, Makwana (2006) agrees that neoliberals claims that privatized services are more capable than those run by state. They consider that market competition and collaborate effectiveness can drive prices drive prices down for consumers. Furthermore, the eventual goal of neoliberal economic globalisation to eliminate of all barriers to trade and the privatisation of all accessible resources and service. In addition, Cerny 2008. state that, ‘neo-liberalism focus on relatively dogmatic, enforced laissez-faire doctrine, it involves first of all an acceptance that we live in multilevel, more open and market like globalisation world in which informal and negotiated policy process prevails for neoliberals open market and globalisation is very significant for ‘neoliberal market civilisation (Gill 1995) which is linking social well being on broad around the world economy system. Another explanation from (Cerny: 2008) reiterates that, neoliberals public policies, whether at national, regional or international level do not merely constrains but also bring opportunities. In theory, through Structural Adjustment policies allows poor to possess and be accountable for recovering their lives changes themselves relatively than the system. As I mentioned earlier that, transformation of capital may occur in term of manufacturing and financial aspects there is empirical evidence that some of countries benefited with privatisation policy. (Calva: 2003) accepts that, ‘in Costa Rica four company privatise and reported that increasing 9 percentages of GDP in 1998.this means that shares of GDP reduce deficit in GDP. Another evidence which (Calva 2003) provided that increase of production in industrial sector, he highlighted that ‘Russian and Mexico is among of countries achieved in by privatisation. The above example provided, demonstrate for neoliberals ideology of privatisation had positive aspects in economic sector. Different with neoliberals perspectives, realist theories highlighted that competitiveness and privatisation is not a solution for social well being on broad around the world. Bayliss (2005) agreed that, ‘in developing countries, privatisation, in common with the wider neo-liberal policy agenda, has failed to meet expectations. Privatisation efforts have been undermined by various factors, including weak political commitment, poor investor supply response and institutional challenges. He emphasis that ‘since the late 1990s, the language of privatisation has softened (as, for example, ‘private sector participation has replaced ‘privatisation). In additional to that, realism scholars argues that globalisation has not succeeded to promote market economy in world market. It gears an inequality of market between North and South. Stiglitz agrees there is ‘disproportionate share of benefits, at the expense of the developing worlds. Therefore a consequence of this situation consequence was some poorest countries in the world turn into worse off. Private investment sector is useful in socio economic especially for countries that lacks of capital, including piece of equipments and expertise. Stiglitz (2006:) accepts that, for privatisation policy of world economy to ‘meet the demand for their skill labour increase, and wages of unskilled labour become higher he emphasized that ‘if labour moves from a country where productivity and wages are low to one where they are high, the increase in out put can be enormous and worlds economy grows. The Marxist perspectives, argues that privatisation is related with capital accumulation. Dunn 2006 agrees that ‘private capitalist accumulate capital by making investment decisions within logic of profit maximization. He emphasizes that privatisation in capitalist counties dont directly interfere in investments decisions or in the market, but rather provide legitimation and order, using its power primary to guarantee external defense and internal peace consistence with the institutions of private property, therefore they emphasizes that globalisation serves an interest maximisation of profit inter of capital trans-nationalisation and intercontinental trade other than ideology. For Marxist discipline, globalisation relates with expansion of capital accumulation and should be profitable the working class Hossein (2005) agrees that ‘for many Marxist in recent decades, capitalism is key its nature a globally expanding system geared to accumulation on a world scale. To some extent Marxist believe that ideology of competition between capitalist countries facilitate currently instability for the world capitalist economy. 3.0: Critics of Globalisation, Privatisation and trans-nationalisation. This paper has assessed the privatisation and trans-nationalisation idea of neoliberals facilitate socio economic world. Policy of privatisation to large extent the development helps to increase job creation, trade competition and rational choice for consumer. Yet it features some challenges. As I illustrated in the beginning, trans-nationalisation of capital is kind of hegemonic capitalist system, this is more appropriate part of global political economy in capitalist production and finance. This reflects the rising domination of transnational cooperation (TNC) of having hegemonic actors (North part) in world economy. Roboson 2004 agrees that, there is ‘evidence that a transnational class is gaining hegemony over local- and national-based capitalists including the spread of TNCs, increase in foreign direct investment (FDI), cross border mergers and acquisitions, transnational interlocked directorships, and strategic alliances. This situation changes stability of classes forces that has completed likely that attack on unions. For neoliberals structural Adjustments policies is appropriate and its implementation but in reality the application of Shock therapy implementation of SAP in Africa and other areas resulted in increase in economic shock and other abjection results Protozos 2004 agreed that ‘over 15 years of IMF / World Bank management of Tanzania‘s economy saw its per capital GDP drop from $ 309 to $ 210 and rate of abject poverty jumped to 51 percent of the population. Moreover the Implementation of SAP are forced as condition for loans, hence the repayments of loans affects budget of the developing countries. In addition Protozons argue that ‘SAP structural Adjustment Programme are imposed renegotiating debts, and on condition that the receipts country accepts privatisation, capital market liberalisation, market based pricing and reduction in subsidies for public services such as water, food and utilities. This has therefore resulted was disintegration of their economies and hence catastrophic for developing countries. Competiveness of trade is myth to increase sustainable of true competitiveness. Unfortunately, this major reason that leads to divergences and differences between North and South. Hirst 2009 agrees that, ‘the emerging market economies might threaten the competitive position of the traditional developed countries of the North, which in countries is threatened by cheap goods and labour, the growth of South cheap goods and labour which one of aspects hinder trade competition. Indeed Curtis 2005 argues that ‘in Pakistan increasing foreign competition in fisheries a sector is edging 300,000 local fisher folk out of market. This evaluate that private company distorted local market since local companies does not compete due to different obstacles. Private investment sector was usual to consequence in job formation. In reality restructuring has been accompanied with retrenchments. Stiglitz (2006) accepts that, privatisation policy failed to meet commitments to world economy to ‘many development countries around the world when they liberalized so fast that the private sector did not have time to respond and create new jobs, or when interest rates were so high that the private sector could not affords to make the investments necessary to create new jobs. There fore unemployment rate increases in economic system. 4. Conclusion. In conclusion this paper argues on that globalisation and privatisation and trans-nationalisation in world economy. To a great degree, privatisation helps to facilitate and improves in different sectors management job opportunities socio and economic development growth in North side rather then South side. Above of the mentioned challenges / critics and other factors may cause that implementation of globalisation and tarns-nationalisation and privatisation be uneven. Moreover, the concept of globalisation exhibits affirmative forms of thought, including economic effectiveness, wellbeing and democracy. For neo-liberalism ideology of privatisation is away cut off hegemonic power between North and South which exist, yet the process seem failed to meet its commitments. Furthermore, the elementary strategy of neoliberal is focusing on rising freedom both political and economic aspects. The practice and performance of neoliberal ideology has been reliable every where in the world. Privatisation in developing countries is universal with the wide neoliberals strategy programme has failed to meet expectation. (Curtis 2005) accepts that, ‘In South Africa, water privatisation has meant that half of million people were cut off non payment of their water bills during of their water bills during a three month period in 2001 out break of cholera has been also been reported as families resort to drawing water pollution rivers. In this regards, the policy move emerged in response to apparent failures in the public sector particular in Sub Sahara Africa. Finally, I have drawn the conclusion, why neoliberal thought of globalisation through free trade policy not working? And what can be done in order to make globalisation run for more people. In my view damaged by different factors, together with weak political obligation, underprivileged investor supply response and institutional challenges. However there is tendency of TNCs exercise several strategies to reduce their declared income in developing country including transfer pricing and be liable to move most of declared profits elsewhere of the host country. On top on that, developing countries should provide sufficient data for foreign investors; hence it helps more promoted achievement. In developing countries, privatisation can place substantial demands on an already stretched and destabilized public sector, both in terms of functioning and rule of the privatised enterprises. Therefore manufacturing sector productivity is smaller and low-income economies due, in part, to an amalgamation of hi-tech dependence What do poor countries require to perform to reap the utmost benefit from globalisation? For my view that, developed countries should to reduce boundaries against import of African products. Public Sectors including provision of water, education and health might be clearly excluded from privatisation. Poor countries have to have right of entry to substantial special action to look after their frail economies from foreign competition. Developed countries should implements the Article 66 of TRIPS2 agreement, which requires developed countries to make available incentives encouraging transfer of technology. In addition to that, industrial countries should implement well article 22, 23, and 24 Howard 2009 agrees that, article 22,23,24 allow government to protect good name of product from certain regions in their countries, this helps developing countries to have a property of use of trade mark and geographical protection for produce a specific commodities. Last but not least a major aspect for implementation of privatisation is political stability. Ajay 2001 argue that, Good governance and accountability and trustworthy and independency of national institutions is very crucial condition for growth. To summarise, state should play its role well, where market failure and international developments agencies try to equalized and avoided to implements globalisation and other policies by dominants of unilaterally or us hegemony. 5. References. Ajay S Ibi 2001. What African needs to do to be benefit from Globalisation? Bayliss Kate 2005 Privatisation Theory and Practice: A Critical Analysis of Policy Evolution in the Development Context. Bina Cyrus and Yaghmaian Behazad 1991 Post war Global Accumulation and trans-nationalisation of capital. Curtis mark 2005 The WTO and developing countries right to protect Dunn Chase Christopher (1999), Globalisation: World- Systems Perspectives. Garcia Arnoldo and Elisabeth Martinez 1996 http://www.corp watch.org/article.php?id=376. Gill Stephen Millennium Journal of International Studies http://mil.segepub.com Hirst Paul and Thompson Grahame and Simon Bromly 2009 Globalisation in equation. 3rdedition. OECD hand book on Economic Globalisation Indicators (2005) http://unjobs.org/tags/neoliberalism. Makwana Rajesh 2006. Share the world resources sustainable economics to end global poverty. http://www.stwr.org/globalisation/neoliberalism and economic globalisation.html. Nicholas Howard 2009 ‘lecture Notes 1the international trading system December 2009(The Hague ISS.) OECD hand book on Economic Globalisation Indicators (2005) Philip G Cerny The journal of international Trade and Diplomacy spring 2008. Embedding Neolibalism: The evolution of Hegemonic Paradigm. Robison Fiona (1999), Globalizing Care, ethics, feminist theory, and International Relation. Todaro. P Michael and Smith Stephen C (2009.) Economic Development 10th Edition Vander Myrian Stichele, Kim Bizzarri lonard Plank. 2006 Cooperate power over EU Trade Policy. Good for business bas for the world Prontzos, Peter G 2004 Collateral Damage. Human Cost of Structural Violence, in Jones (Ed) Genocide, War Crimes and the West: History and Complicity, London-New York: Zed Books, pp 315-324 Robison William Baltimore 2004 a theory of global capitalism Production, class state in transnational world OECD: Organisation for Economic Cooperation and development. Trips: Trade intellectual property rights

Saturday, July 20, 2019

Research Proposal: The Effect of Extra-Curricular Activities on Academi

Introduction Do extra-curricular activities have a positive or negative effect on a student’s academic performance? If they do, then why do schools take activities away from students at the first sign of academic troubles? If they are scientifically proven to be positive, then why are they not curricular rather than extra curricular? There are numerous influences that impact the academic performance of a student other than after school activities. However, this study will focus on the effect of extra curricular activities on academic performances. In many cases, participation in extra curricular activities positively influences attendance and connection to school. This study will investigate the impact of extra curricular activities that require a daily commitment over an extended period of time, greater than a month. Athletics is the dominant after school activity that requires a daily commitment; therefore, this study will involve student athletes as well as students who are invo lved in other extra curricular activities. Another reason why student athletes will be a large part of this study is that there may be a correlation between the skills necessary to succeed in athletics and academics (American Sports Institute, 1991). While most evidence in the literature proves that extra curricular activities improve academic performances, Solanco School District has no program supporting or promoting the link between the two. This study will examine the effects of participation in extra curricular activities on student academic performance at Solanco High School. Findings from this study could be examined by Solanco High School and similar school districts to support and promote programs of extra curricular activities at... ... as Researchers. 2005 Emmons, Leonard S (1995). Athletic participation and academic achievement: Can the two coexist? National Association of Secondary School Principals. NASSP Bulletin. Vol. 79, Iss. 574; p. 107. Libbey, Heather (2004). Measuring Student Relationships to School: Attachment, Bonding, Connectedness, and Engagement. The Journal of School Health. Vol. 74, Iss. 7, p. 274, 10 pgs. NEA Today (2004). See Ya After School. Vol. 22, Iss. 6, p. 13. Neill, James. www.wilderdom.com Parks & Recreation (2003). After-school programs help kids achieve. Vol. 38, Iss. 6; p. 15. Schneider, Timothy and Klotz, Jack. November 2000. The Impact of Music Education and Athletic Participation on Achievement. 36 pages. Seigle, Del. http://www.gifted.uconn.edu/siegle/research/Qualitative/qualquan.htm. 1979

Friday, July 19, 2019

Greed - Vital to Human Welfare Essay -- Expository Essays

Greed - Vital to Human Welfare What's the noblest of human motivations? Some might be tempted to answer: charity, love of one's neighbor or, in modern, politically correct language: giving something back to the community. In my book, these are indeed noble motivations, but they pale in comparison to a much more potent motivation for human action. For me the noblest of human motivations is greed. I don't mean theft, fraud, tricks, or misrepresentation. By greed I mean people being only or mostly concerned with getting the most they can for themselves and not necessarily concerned about the welfare of others. Social consternation might cause one to cringe at the suggestion that greed might possibly be seen as a noble motivation. "Enlightened self-interest" might be a preferable term. I prefer greed since it is far more descriptive and less likely to be confused with other human motives. That human greed is the greatest of human motivations should be obvious to all; however, a few examples will make it more concrete. Texas cattle ranchers make enormous sacrifices to husband and insure the safety and well-being of their herds: running down stray cattle in the snow to care for and feed them, hiring veterinarians to insure their health, taking them to feed yards in time to fatten them up prior to selling them to slaughter houses. The result of these sacrifices is that New Yorkers can enjoy having beef on their supermarket shelves. Idaho potato farmers arise early in the morning. They do backbreaking work in potato fields, with the sun beating down on them and maybe being eaten by bugs. Similarly, the result of their sacrifices is that New Yorkers can also enjoy having potatoes on their supermarket shelves. Why do Texas cattl... ...ng an endangered species. Such a decree reduces the private use-value of the land and hence weakens incentives to care for the land. Similarly, if there were high transfer taxes for land sales, it too would weaken incentives to care for the land. In fact, anything that weakens the owner's private property rights in the land weakens his incentives to do the socially responsible thing - conserve on society's scarce resources. While human motivations such as charity, love, or concern for others are important and salutatory, they are nowhere nearly as important as people's desire to have more for themselves. We all know that but we pretend it is not. That unwillingness to acknowledge personal greed as vital to human welfare, and instead view it with disapproval, makes us easy prey to charlatans and quacks who'd take away our liberties in the name of combatting greed.

Thursday, July 18, 2019

Death be not Proud and Do Not Go Gentle Into That Good Night :: Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night

Death is an aspect of life that everyone becomes acquainted with sooner or later.   From my own experiences I am more familiar with death than I could ever want to be.   Poetry is something that is very difficult for me to follow, but when it deals with concept that I am familiar with, then I am able to associate with the soul of the writer.   Two poems that deal with the concept of death that I actually enjoyed reading and will compare to each other are "Death be not proud" by Dylan Thomas and "Do Not Go Gentle Into That Good Night" by Dylan Thomas.   Firstly, in "Death be not proud," Donne tells Death that it is not anything special.   That Death is a low being that deals with the pitiful aspects of life: war, disease, and murder.   Donne says that Death is nothing more than an aspect of life, just an event of the moment, "one short sleep past, we wake eternally."   Donne goes on to explain that we all will go through this door while on the way to another existence.   In comparison, "Do Not Go Gentle Into That Good Night" by Thomas is a battle cry against death.   To fight against it until the last breath of life is gone.   That to give up life is the coward's way.   To his father, who is dying from a protracted illness, Dylan says to show his love, that it is all right to cry even though he has never seen his father show the weakness of crying, just so long as he continues to fight against the coming end.   In both poems, the writers are against Death; however Donne writes of Death as a weak entity that has no real power, because after we die, we will never have to face the worry of Death.   Thomas, however, writes as if he doesn't believe in any kind of hereafter.   An example of this is the repeated cry "Rage, rage against the dying of the light."   These are two very different beliefs for an ineludible fact of life.   Death is something that I have faced and will eventually succumb to;

Charismatic style of Leadership

I have chosen the leader of a local foundation in our community who had been in the public eye due to his tireless efforts and initiative in addressing the homeless problem that are common even in suburban America. The person exhibits all three characteristics which include firstly, charm and grace, a primary characteristic of charismatic type of leadership. Secondly, the leader has the ability to command respect because he has immense self-belief that he can accomplish a lot for the homeless people. Thirdly, this person or leader has been influential as well because he can draw people in the upper echelon of society to support in many aspects of their program. People, both within the volunteer and paid staff, the homeless themselves and the supporters respect, abide by and pursue this leader’s vision and plans because they see firsthand his transparency and personally admire or have a high regard for his manner of dealing with the staff. This is what is called intense â€Å"attraction† to a leader because of his/her ability to command respect, conduct with such verve and energy (â€Å"Charismatic Leadership, 2007). When they hold meetings or when this leader speaks to people, he sees everyone in the room, and seems to convey at a level of â€Å"closeness.† The leader picks at the moods and behavior of the moment and then tailors what he is going to do next based on those observations. The leader employs different methods or strategies to get the attention of the followers, is very persuasive and very effective in using gestures and body language (â€Å"Charismatic Leadership, 2007). When this person leads his team, he tries to create a distinction about his group in contrast with that of others. He builds the uniqueness of the group in the eyes of members and makes efforts to solidify the group’s adherence to the leader but the members expect as well of their leader’s loyalty towards them. He exhibits leadership skills coupled with a positive outlook and is other –oriented which results to changes for the good of the team usually (â€Å"Charismatic Leadership, 2007). Reference: _________ â€Å"Charismatic Leadership†. 2007. Changing minds.org. Accessed March 24, 2008

Wednesday, July 17, 2019

Maya Angelou: Interpretation of Poetry

Maya Angelou Dr. Maya Angelou, born April 24, 1928, was a pheno manpoweral poet, memoirist, novelist, educator, dramatist, producer, actress, historian, filmmaker, and civil rights activist know as adept of the greatest voices of renaissance. She go through harsh racial discrimination throughout her lifetime, and yet in the midst of her trials she never loses self-respect or confidence. through her tendinous delivery of spoken communication she dually embodies her captivating inclination and demeanor. Altogether, her works are representations of who she is and what she believes in.Sandra Cookson is the author of an name featured in World literary works Today, published by the University of Oklahoma, who does a grand job of illuminating Angelous impactful messages that lie indoors her metrical composition Still I sneak. In addition, Kelly Holland Cecil, a student who attend University of North Carolina in 1998, conducted a careful analysis on many of Angelous Poems. Cec il provides a door of apprehensiveness as she analytically goes into depth on explaining Dr. Angelous poem, Phenomenal char.Through careful study and analysis of Angelous meter followed by research obtained from research an understanding of who she was and the message she was trying to get crossways may be developed. To begin with, Angelou believes that world phenomenal does non come from the witness that is accepted from others barely from champions genuine uniqueness. The type reference in Phenomenal Woman, portrays a strong, high-minded char cleaning woman of modesty and humility which is doubtlessly Angelou. She displays this in the counterbalance line of the poem, when she says fairly women wonder where my secret lies. The auditor by choice separates herself from the in-crowd, which in this case is pretty women. Thus, suggesting that she does not even consider herself as attractive. Then, in line 2 she reassures the auditor of her disposition when she writes Im not cute or construct to suit a fashion models size. by and by initially narration these first 2 lines, it is possible for them to be mistaken for insecurities, but as one reads further, it is clear that Angelou is not ashamed of her individuality but and then exuberantly modest.Its in the reach of my fortification The span of my hips, The stride of my step, The curl of my lips. Im a woman Phenomenally. Phenomenal woman, Thats me. After reading the lines above, there is no doubt that the she does not view herself as a woman with model beauty, but, in her perspective, a phenomenal woman. Looking at lines 1-4 above, rather than the tralatitious looks that are generally accepted from men of female models, she illuminates the less notice able-bodied features of her personify that make her unique in a special way.Although an exact number was unmentioned, she specifically refers to her height in line 3 above. Angelou was an imposing woman standing at about six feet tall(Cecil 1998). This is yet some other display of Angelous character proving that she is proud of the material features she has that make her inimitable. Furthermore, the Angelou uses repeat which according to Cecil helps hold the poem a flow and makes it wait more familiar and lyrical. The person repeats the sideline lines at the end of each stanza Im a woman Phenomenally Phenomenal womanThats me. out-of-pocket to Angelous history of melodiousity she incorporates this style of repetition just as a tap or chorus to a song. She does in such a manner that just about forces the auditor to say it with her and eventually bed that she is not a pretty woman, but a phenomenal woman/ phenomenally. According to Cecil, This may permit been influenced by her career as a dancer and as a Broadway actress. Furthermore, Cookson quotes that, The musical currents of blues and jazz, the rhythm of rap songs, and the style of the Bible mingle in her poems. Through the creativity of similes and image ry in Angelous poem Still I vacate she is able to paint a picture of herself that reveals her as a strong woman of illusion by displaying her level of determination and exertion to overcome racial discrimination. In the first stanza of this particular poem, she has an attitude that exemplifies her strong-willed character as she refers to the many things that she has encountered throughout her lifetime. In line 4 of the poem she declares that in spite of her circumstance still like the stud of the ground she shall overdress.Thus, proving controls made by Cookson when she writes The speech of the bible mingle in her poems. Biblically speaking, idol made mankind through the circularize of the ground, so in essence Angelou is utilise imagery to show that just as God made man rise from dust, no matter what force is against her she jackpot still rise up and be triumphant. By taking the lyrics of Angelous poem into consideration, one may notice that she expresses herself in a way that corresponds to the harsh discrimination she endured.In the words of Cookson, Still I rise is a poem about the survival of erosive women despite every kind of vexation America has subjected them since the days of slavery(800). With this statement in mind, there should be no question of the auditor in her poem, as it seems to be the predominating white race in America. In the following lines Angelou reveals her strength to erect discrimination You may shoot me with your words, You may cut me with your eyes, You may kill me with your hatefulness, precisely still, like air, Ill rise.Angelous takes this as an opportunity to beam her feelings towards the discrimination She has endured. In the above stanza, she illuminates that she has been despised on, looked down upon, and spoken to raspingly because of her color. But, she doesnt allow herself to be broken by the circumstances she faces. In any event, she rises. By venting on Angelous poetry analytically, one can see that her character symbolizes a woman who is strong, tolerant, modest, and perseverant in the face of adversity. In her poem Still I Rise she goes on to say I am the dream and the hope of the slave.This is Angelou audacious stating that where others have failed, she has prospered because of her perseverance and commitment to herself to be who she isA Phenomenal Woman, Phenomenally. flora Cited Cecil, Kelly Holland. Maya Angelou -1928. 1998. 20 4 2012 . Cookson, Sandra. World literature Today. Vol. Vol. 69. Autumn World Literature Today, 1995. Penguin Creative. Dr. Maya Angelou, The formalized Website . 2012 . .